Staphylococcus aureus - MRSA
Staphylococcus are round (cocci) bacteria which form in grape-like clusters.
They can be either aerobic and anaerobic. The Staphylococcus genus includes
thirty-one species. Staphylococcus can cause a wide variety of diseases
in humans and other animals through either toxin production or invasion.
Staphylococcal toxins are a common cause of food poisoning, as it can
grow in improperly-stored food.
One especially dangerous species is Staphylococcus aureus, which can infect wounds. These bacteria can survive on dry surfaces, increasing the chance of transmission.
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S. aureus is also implicated in toxic shock syndrome. Any S. aureus infection can cause the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, a skin reaction to exotoxin absorbed into the bloodstream. It can also cause a type of septicaemia- a body reaction to toxins called pyaemia. The infection can be life-threatening.
Problematically, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, and is being recognized with increasing frequency in community-acquired infections.
Every human being during his or her life must constantly live and fight with lots of micro-organisms which reside in almost every part of our body. Until 20th century when massive distribution of antibiotics took place, Staphylococcus were not a great threat to human live as they caused rather mild infections.
However the massive distribution of antibiotics caused (as is still causing) many disturbances in the environment of micro-organisms.
(Staphylococus aureus) is a Gram positive, aerobic bacteria. Bacteria are divided into two main categories depending how they pick up stains. Gram positive stain blue, Gram negative stain always red.
The incidence of pathogenic Staphylococcus
Pathogenic species of Staphylococcus might be present nowadays everywhere taking into account the pollution of natural environment. However the most common sites are:
• polluted air especially in large and industrial cities, dust, soil, contaminated water, sewage especially during warm weather
• cow’s and goat’s milk, all dairy products as well as products that contain even tiny amount of milk
• dirty floors, walls, non ventilated flats, basements etc.
• Pathogenic species of Staphylococcus aureus can be found especially on human or animal skin and mucous membranes. In the last few years the source of contraction of Staphylococcus aureus might be an individual who is a host and who does not have any visible symptoms and therefore is able to transfer the bacteria.
• Hospitals and equipment used there.
Staphylococcus found in hospitals are the most dangerous species which can harm or even kill patients especially those with weaken immune system.
Why Staphylococus aureus is so dangerous?
Staphylococus aureus have an ability to produce very harmful toxins such as:
• Coagulase which protects the bacteria against phagocytosis- destruction by cells of immune system
• Staphylococcal toxins that act on cell membranes
• Pyrogenic toxin superantigens which cause toxic shock syndrome
Do you know that…
… During high fever (39-40°C) phagocytes can increase they activity up to 10 times??
During this time you should take large amount of natural vitamin C.
10 gram per day for small children (nursery age), 10-15 gram for children
school-aged, 15-20gram for teenagers and 10-30 gram for adults and even
in some cases doses as high as 100 gram might be required. Those high
doses are usually given as an injection on the beginning of inflammatory
action.
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